Q1. What kind of job is the interview for? A) A restaurant waiter B) A barista at a café C) A cashier at a supermarket D) A hotel receptionist
Q2. What experience does the applicant have? A) Working at a bakery B) Working as a waiter at a restaurant C) Working as a barista D) Working as a cashier at a convenience store
Q3. What are the main tasks of this job? A) Taking orders, making drinks, and handling cash B) Cooking meals and serving food C) Cleaning tables and washing dishes D) Delivering food to customers
Q4. When is the applicant available to work? A) Only on weekdays B) Only on Sundays C) Only on Saturdays D) On both Saturdays and Sundays
解答と解説
📝 答え合わせをして、しっかり理解しましょう!
✅ Q1. 正解: B) A barista at a café 👉 「Hi, welcome to Sunny Café! Are you here for the part-time job interview?」とあるので、カフェの仕事と分かる。Aの「restaurant」やCの「supermarket」は引っかけ。
✅ Q2. 正解: B) Working as a waiter at a restaurant 👉 「I have experience working at a restaurant as a waiter.」と話している。Cの「barista」やDの「cashier」は仕事に関連するが不正解。
✅ Q3. 正解: A) Taking orders, making drinks, and handling cash 👉 「This job requires taking orders, making drinks, and handling cash.」と店長が説明している。Bの「cooking meals」はレストランの仕事で、引っかけ要素。
✅ Q4. 正解: C) Only on Saturdays 👉 「I can work on Saturdays, but I have classes on Sundays.」と話している。Dの「both Saturdays and Sundays」は引っかけ選択肢。
リスニングスクリプト
(A: 店長, B: 応募者)
A: Hi, welcome to Sunny Café! Are you here for the part-time job interview? B: Yes, I saw the job ad and I’m really interested. A: Great! Have you ever worked at a café before? B: No, but I have experience working at a restaurant as a waiter. A: That’s good. This job requires taking orders, making drinks, and handling cash. Do you think you can manage that? B: Yes, I’m good at multitasking, and I learn quickly. A: Perfect! We need someone who can work on weekends. Are you available then? B: I can work on Saturdays, but I have classes on Sundays. A: That’s fine. We mostly need help on Saturdays. When can you start? B: I can start next week! A: Excellent. We’ll give you a call soon. Thanks for coming today! B: Thank you!
While some people believe that social media negatively affects teenagers’ mental health, I think it has more positive aspects. For instance, it allows young people to connect with friends and family, especially those who live far away. In my case, I was able to maintain relationships with my classmates during the pandemic through social media platforms.
構成面で評価を高めるポイント
明確な段落構成
導入(Introduction):トピックの提示と自分の立場
本論(Body):主張とその根拠(複数のパラグラフに分ける)
結論(Conclusion):主張の要約と最終的な意見
効果的な接続詞の使用
段落間のつながりを示す: firstly, secondly, finally
対比を示す: however, on the other hand, in contrast
例示を示す: for example, for instance, such as
結論を示す: in conclusion, to sum up, therefore
一貫性のある流れ
一つの段落に一つの主題
論理的につながるように順序立てる
良い構成例:
(導入) The question of whether students should wear uniforms at school is widely debated. In my opinion, school uniforms are beneficial for several reasons.
(本論1) Firstly, uniforms create a sense of equality among students, regardless of their economic background.
(本論2) Secondly, wearing uniforms helps students focus on their studies rather than their appearance.
(結論) In conclusion, although some may argue that uniforms limit individual expression, I believe the benefits of creating equality and focus outweigh this concern.
語彙面で評価を高めるポイント
多様な語彙の使用
同じ単語の繰り返しを避ける
同意語(シノニム)を使い分ける
適切な表現レベル
中級以上の語彙を適切に使用
慣用句や熟語を効果的に取り入れる
正確な単語選択
日本語からの直訳ではなく、適切な英語表現を選ぶ
ニュアンスの違いに注意する
語彙の多様性の例:
❌ I like this movie. The movie is interesting. The movie has good actors.
⭕ I enjoy this film. The plot is engaging and the cast delivers outstanding performances.
文法面で評価を高めるポイント
基本文法の正確さ
主語と動詞の一致
時制の適切な使用と一貫性
冠詞の正確な使用
複雑な構文の適切な使用
関係詞を用いた複文
分詞構文
仮定法
文の長さと構造のバランス
短文と長文をバランスよく使用
単文と複文を適切に組み合わせる
複雑な構文の例:
❌ I think education is important. We need to study. It helps our future.
⭕ I believe that education, which provides us with essential knowledge and skills, is crucial for our future success.
問題: Do you think high school students should wear uniforms? Why or why not?
合格ライン解答(70%程度の得点)
I think high school students should wear uniforms. There are three reasons.
First, uniforms make all students equal. Rich students and poor students wear same clothes, so there is no difference.
Second, uniforms help students focus on study. If students wear free clothes, they think too much about fashion.
Third, uniforms are good for school identity. When people see the uniform, they know which school the student is from.
In conclusion, I think uniforms are good for high school students.
(86語)
解説:
内容:主張は明確で3つの理由を挙げている。ただし、具体例が乏しい。
構成:導入・本論・結論の基本構成はできている。
語彙:基本的な語彙が中心で、多様性に欠ける。
文法:単純な構文が中心で、文法的な誤りは少ない。
高得点解答(90%以上の得点)
The question of whether high school students should wear uniforms is controversial. I strongly believe uniforms are beneficial for several reasons.
Primarily, uniforms create equality among students. When everyone wears the same outfit, socioeconomic differences become less visible, reducing potential bullying based on clothing brands. At my school, this policy decreased tension between different social groups.
Furthermore, uniforms help students focus on academics rather than appearance. Without pressure to choose trendy outfits, students can dedicate more energy to their studies.
However, some argue that uniforms restrict self-expression. While valid, I believe students can express individuality through extracurricular activities.
In conclusion, though there are arguments against uniforms, their benefits of promoting equality, focus, and school identity outweigh the drawbacks.
(99語)
Whether studying alone or in a group is more effective depends on learning styles and subjects. I believe a balanced approach combining both methods works best.
Studying alone offers key advantages. It allows better concentration without distractions. When I study math, working independently helps me focus on complex problems. Individual study also enables students to progress at their own pace.
Group study provides different benefits. It facilitates the exchange of ideas, enhancing understanding through discussion. When analyzing literature with classmates, I discover perspectives I hadn’t considered. Explaining concepts to others also reinforces my own knowledge.
In conclusion, while both methods have merits, alternating between individual and group study based on the specific task is the most effective approach to learning.
(97語)
特徴:
二項対立の問題に対して、バランスの取れた視点を示している
具体的な科目例(数学、文学)を挙げて説得力を高めている
個人的な経験を交えつつ一般性も保っている
テーマ2:テクノロジー
問題: Do smartphones help or harm students’ education?
Smartphones have transformed education, bringing both benefits and drawbacks to students’ learning. In my opinion, their educational advantages outweigh the negative aspects when used properly.
The benefits of smartphones are significant. They provide instant access to information, enabling students to research topics and expand knowledge beyond textbooks. Educational apps also offer interactive learning experiences. During my studies, language learning apps improved my English vocabulary considerably.
However, smartphones can distract students. Notifications from social media and games interrupt studying, and some students struggle with managing screen time. Excessive smartphone use can reduce academic performance.
To maximize benefits while minimizing drawbacks, schools should teach responsible usage rather than banning smartphones. By promoting digital literacy and establishing guidelines, smartphones can become valuable educational tools.
In conclusion, smartphones offer important learning opportunities when used mindfully.
(100語)
特徴:
導入部で論点を明確にし、自分の立場を示している
利点と欠点の両方に触れ、バランスの取れた議論を展開
個人的経験と調査結果の両方を根拠として挙げている
解決策も提案し、単なる意見表明にとどまらない発展的な内容
テーマ3:社会問題
問題: Should teenagers have part-time jobs while they are students?
Whether teenagers should work part-time while studying involves valid arguments on both sides. I believe part-time jobs can benefit students if hours are moderate and balanced with academics.
Working part-time offers important advantages. It provides practical experience that classroom education cannot. Through my weekend café job, I developed skills in customer service, time management, and teamwork—valuable for my future career. Earning money also teaches financial responsibility.
However, excessive working hours can hurt academic performance. Students working more than 20 hours weekly often see declining grades and increased stress. Some may prioritize immediate income over education, limiting future opportunities.
The ideal approach is balance. Limited work hours (10-15 weekly), understanding employers, and flexible schedules during exam periods allow teenagers to gain experience without compromising education.
In conclusion, moderate part-time work offers valuable life skills while preparing teenagers for careers, provided academics remain the priority.
(98語)
❌ I like English. It is useful. I study every day.
⭕ I like English because it is useful for my future. Therefore, I study it every day.
内容面のチェック
内容面では以下の点に注意しましょう:
✅ 設問に対して適切に答えているか
賛否を問われている場合は明確な立場を示す
複数の観点から論じるよう求められている場合は、それに対応する
✅ 具体例は説得力があるか
抽象的な主張ではなく、具体例を挙げる
個人的な経験や事実に基づいた例を入れる
良い例と改善例:
❌ Technology is very important for education.
⭕ Technology plays a crucial role in education. For instance, online learning platforms allow students to access educational materials anytime and anywhere.
文法・語法のチェック
文法ミスは減点対象となりますので、特に以下の点に注意しましょう:
✅ 時制の一貫性
過去の事例なら過去形、一般論なら現在形を使う
同じ文脈内での時制の混在を避ける
✅ 主語と動詞の一致
三人称単数現在形の-s/-esの付け忘れに注意
集合名詞(people, familyなど)の扱いに注意
✅ 冠詞の使用
特定のものを指す場合は定冠詞(the)
初めて言及する一般的なものには不定冠詞(a/an)
抽象概念や総称には無冠詞
良い例と改善例:
❌ Student uses smartphone for study. It have many advantage.
⭕ Students use smartphones for studying. They have many advantages.
I think Internet is very good for education. Because student can study many thing. For example, youtube and online class. but some people think Internet is bad because student play game and watch video. I agree Internet is good tool.
添削プロセス:
構成確認:段落分けなし、導入・本論・結論の区別が不明確
内容確認:具体例が不十分、主張があいまい
文法チェック:
“Internet” → “the Internet”(冠詞)
“student” → “students”(複数形)
“many thing” → “many things”(複数形)
“Because…” → 文頭のBecauseは不適切
“but” → 文頭の小文字
語彙の多様性:単調な表現
文の完全性:”For example, youtube and online class.”は不完全な文
修正後:
I believe the Internet is beneficial for education for several reasons. First, students can access a wide variety of learning materials online. For example, they can watch educational videos on YouTube or take online classes from prestigious universities.
However, some people argue that the Internet can be distracting because students may spend too much time playing games or watching non-educational videos. While this concern is valid, I think proper guidance can help students use the Internet responsibly.
In conclusion, the Internet is a valuable educational tool when used appropriately.
要約・結論:in conclusion, to summarize, in brief, in short
6. 速読トレーニング方法
速読力を向上させるには、継続的なトレーニングが効果的です。以下の練習方法を取り入れてみましょう。
基本トレーニング
1. タイムトライアル読解
方法:
短い英文記事(200-500語程度)を用意する
タイマーをセットして読む(例:3分)
読み終わったら理解度を確認するための質問に答える
正確性を維持しながら徐々に制限時間を短くしていく
2. チャンク読み練習
方法:
意味のかたまりごとにスラッシュ(/)で区切られた英文を用意する
例:The annual report / has been distributed / to all shareholders / via email.
チャンク単位で目を動かして読む練習をする
3. キーワードピックアップ
方法:
英文を読みながら重要な名詞、動詞、形容詞などのキーワードに注目する
内容を思い出す際にキーワードを活用する
4. 1分間多読チャレンジ
方法:
興味のある英文記事を選ぶ
1分間できるだけ多く読む
読んだ量(単語数)を記録する
定期的に繰り返し、進捗を確認する
TOEIC対策トレーニング
1. 問題タイプ別演習
主旨把握問題、詳細情報問題など、タイプ別に集中的に練習する。
2. 時間制限付き模擬テスト
実際のTOEIC Part7と同じ時間配分(約20分)で問題を解き、時間感覚を養う。
3. 複数文書問題特化練習
特に時間がかかりがちな複数文書問題に特化して練習する。
4. スキミング・スキャニング集中練習
制限時間内に特定の情報を見つけ出す練習を繰り返す。
7. 実践問題で速読術を身につける
実際のTOEIC形式の問題で速読術を練習しましょう。
例題1:単一文書問題
文書:
MEMOTo: All Marketing Department Staff From: Sarah Johnson, Marketing Director Date: May 15, 2023 Subject: Quarterly Marketing Meeting – Schedule Change
Please be advised that our quarterly marketing meeting, originally scheduled for Friday, May 19 at 2:00 PM, has been rescheduled to Wednesday, May 24 at 10:00 AM. The meeting will still take place in Conference Room A.
The change is necessary to accommodate the visit of our overseas clients from Tanaka Corporation. We expect them to join the latter half of our meeting to discuss the international marketing campaign for our new product line.
All team leaders should prepare 5-minute presentations on their current projects. Please send your presentation files to Jennifer by Monday, May 22 for compilation.
If you have any scheduling conflicts, please notify your team leader by the end of today.
Thank you for your understanding and cooperation.
質問1: What is the purpose of this memo? (A) To request project updates from team leaders (B) To announce a visitor from an overseas company (C) To inform staff of a change in meeting schedule (D) To introduce a new international marketing campaign
質問2: When should presentation files be submitted? (A) By the end of today (B) By Friday, May 19 (C) By Monday, May 22 (D) By Wednesday, May 24
質問3: What is NOT mentioned as a reason for the schedule change? (A) Availability of Conference Room A (B) Visit from overseas clients (C) Discussion of a marketing campaign (D) Accommodation of Tanaka Corporation
解答と解説: 質問1: (C) 文書の主題(Subject)と最初の段落から、会議のスケジュール変更を通知することが主な目的だとわかります。 質問2: (C) 3つ目の段落に “Please send your presentation files to Jennifer by Monday, May 22” とあります。 質問3: (A) 会議室Aは変更されていないことは言及されていますが、スケジュール変更の理由としては言及されていません。
使用した速読テクニック:
質問先読み:何を探すべきかを明確にしてから文書を読む
スキミング:件名と各段落の最初の文に注目
スキャニング:日付や時間などの特定情報を素早く検索
例題2:複数文書問題
文書1:
EMAILTo: procurement@greentech.com From: david.miller@officesupplies.com Date: September 10, 2023 Subject: Quote for Office Furniture Order
Dear GreenTech Procurement Team,
Thank you for your inquiry regarding office furniture for your new branch location. As requested, I am pleased to provide a quote for the items you specified in your requirements.
Our package includes:
25 ergonomic office chairs (model EC-200) – $350 each
20 adjustable desks (model AD-100) – $420 each
5 conference room tables (model CT-50) – $600 each
40 filing cabinets (model FC-30) – $150 each
The total quote amounts to $29,750 excluding delivery and installation. Delivery and installation will be an additional $1,500. Please note that we are currently offering a 5% discount for orders over $25,000 if payment is made within 30 days of delivery.
The estimated delivery time is 3-4 weeks from order confirmation. If you would like to proceed, please complete and return the attached order form.
Please let me know if you have any questions or require any modifications to this quote.
Best regards, David Miller Account Manager Office Supplies Pro
文書2:
EMAILTo: david.miller@officesupplies.com From: john.baker@greentech.com Date: September 12, 2023 Subject: RE: Quote for Office Furniture Order
Dear Mr. Miller,
Thank you for your prompt response and the detailed quote. After reviewing it with our management team, we would like to proceed with most of the items, but we need to make a few adjustments to our order:
We would like to reduce the number of ergonomic chairs to 20 units.
We would like to increase the adjustable desks to 25 units.
The number of filing cabinets can be reduced to 30 units.
We will keep the 5 conference room tables as quoted.
Could you please provide us with an updated quote reflecting these changes? Also, could you clarify if the 5% discount would still apply with these modifications?
Additionally, we are working on a tight schedule and would need the furniture delivered and installed by October 15 at the latest. Is this timeframe feasible?
Thank you for your assistance.
Best regards, John Baker Procurement Manager GreenTech Inc.
文書3:
EMAILTo: john.baker@greentech.com From: david.miller@officesupplies.com Date: September 13, 2023 Subject: RE: Quote for Office Furniture Order
Dear Mr. Baker,
Thank you for your response. I have updated the quote based on your requested modifications:
30 filing cabinets (model FC-30) – $150 each = $4,500
The revised total comes to $25,000 excluding delivery and installation ($1,500). The 5% discount would still apply as the order exceeds the $25,000 threshold. With the discount, your final price would be $25,175 including delivery and installation.
Regarding your delivery timeline, we can expedite the order to ensure delivery by October 15. However, this would require a rush processing fee of $800. Please let me know if this is acceptable.
I have attached a revised order form for your convenience. If the terms are agreeable, please sign and return it at your earliest convenience to secure the delivery date.
Best regards, David Miller Account Manager Office Supplies Pro
質問1: What was the original total price of the order before any changes were made? (A) $25,000 (B) $25,175 (C) $29,750 (D) $31,250
質問2: What change did GreenTech make to their order? (A) They reduced the number of conference tables. (B) They increased the number of adjustable desks. (C) They requested a different model of office chair. (D) They added more filing cabinets.
質問3: What additional cost will GreenTech incur to meet their delivery deadline? (A) $800 (B) $1,500 (C) $1,250 (D) $2,300
質問4: What is the final price of the order including all fees and discounts? (A) $25,000 (B) $25,175 (C) $25,975 (D) $26,500
質問5: When does GreenTech need the furniture delivered by? (A) September 10 (B) September 30 (C) October 15 (D) 3-4 weeks after order confirmation
解答と解説: 質問1: (C) 文書1に「The total quote amounts to $29,750 excluding delivery and installation」とあります。 質問2: (B) 文書2に「We would like to increase the adjustable desks to 25 units」とあり、当初は20台だったものを25台に増やしています。 質問3: (A) 文書3に「this would require a rush processing fee of $800」とあります。 質問4: (C) 基本価格$25,000 + 配送設置費$1,500 – 5%割引($25,000 × 0.05 = $1,250) + 急ぎ料金$800 = $25,975となります。 質問5: (C) 文書2に「would need the furniture delivered and installed by October 15 at the latest」とあります。
問題:Do you think artificial intelligence (AI) will have a positive impact on society? (AI(人工知能)は社会にポジティブな影響を与えると思いますか?)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly developing and changing our society in various ways. I believe AI will have both positive and negative impacts, but overall its influence will be beneficial.
First, AI can enhance productivity in many fields. For example, in healthcare, AI can analyze medical data more quickly and accurately than humans, helping doctors make better diagnoses. In transportation, self-driving cars may reduce accidents caused by human error.
Second, AI can solve complex problems that humans struggle with. Climate change models using AI can help us understand environmental issues better and develop effective solutions.
However, there are legitimate concerns about AI replacing human jobs and creating unemployment. Also, ethical questions about privacy and decision-making need careful consideration.
In conclusion, while we must address these challenges, AI's potential to improve efficiency, healthcare, and solve global problems suggests it will ultimately benefit society if properly regulated.
(100語)
文化テーマの模範解答例
問題:Is it important for young people to learn about traditional culture? (若者が伝統文化について学ぶことは重要ですか?)
Learning about traditional culture is extremely important for young people in today's rapidly changing world. I strongly support this idea for several reasons.
Firstly, understanding traditional culture provides young people with a sense of identity and belonging. By learning about their cultural roots, they can better understand who they are and where they come from. This knowledge forms the foundation of their personal identity.
Secondly, traditional culture contains valuable wisdom accumulated over generations. Ancient practices in areas such as agriculture, medicine, and conflict resolution often offer sustainable and tested solutions that remain relevant today.
Finally, cultural knowledge enhances communication between generations. When young people appreciate traditional customs, they can connect more meaningfully with older generations, bridging the generational gap.
In conclusion, learning about traditional culture enriches young people's lives by providing identity, wisdom, and intergenerational connections, all of which are essential in our modern society.
(122語)
4. 実践演習
以下の問題に挑戦してみましょう。制限時間は25分です。
テクノロジーテーマ:Do smartphones help or harm students’ education? (スマートフォンは学生の教育に役立つか害を与えるか?)
文化テーマ:How does learning a foreign language benefit young people? (外国語を学ぶことは若者にどのような利益をもたらすか?)
Q1. What is the customer looking for? A) A pair of jeans B) A jacket C) A sweater D) A T-shirt
Q2. What sizes does the customer want to try? A) Small and medium B) Medium and large C) Large and extra-large D) Small and extra-large
Q3. What color does the customer prefer? A) Blue B) Green C) Black D) Red
Q4. Where is the fitting room? A) Next to the entrance B) Near the shoes section C) Over there D) Behind the counter
解答と解説
📝 答え合わせをして、しっかり理解しましょう!
✅ Q1. 正解: B) A jacket 👉 客は「I’m looking for a jacket.」と言っている。
✅ Q2. 正解: B) Medium and large 👉 「I want to try both medium and large.」と話している。
✅ Q3. 正解: C) Black 👉 「Do you have this in black instead of blue?」と色を変更希望している。
✅ Q4. 正解: C) Over there 👉 店員は「It’s right over there.」と案内している。
リスニングスクリプト
(A: 店員, B: 客)
A: Hello! How can I help you today? B: Hi, I’m looking for a jacket. A: Sure! What size do you need? B: I usually wear a medium, but I want to try both medium and large. A: No problem. We have this jacket in medium and large. Here you go. B: Thanks! Oh, do you have this in black instead of blue? A: Yes, we do! Let me get it for you. Here you go. B: Great! I’ll try both on. Where’s the fitting room? A: It’s right over there. B: Thanks!
問題文例: Some cities are banning single-use plastic items like shopping bags and straws. Do you think this is a good idea? Write your opinion in 80-100 words.
解答例(賛成立場):
I strongly support banning single-use plastic items. These bans are necessary steps to address our serious plastic pollution problem.
First, plastic waste is devastating marine ecosystems, with millions of tons entering our oceans annually. Banning single-use items directly reduces this pollution. Second, these bans encourage both consumers and businesses to adopt sustainable alternatives like reusable bags and biodegradable straws, which are becoming increasingly available and affordable.
While these bans may cause some short-term inconvenience, the environmental benefits far outweigh this drawback. By implementing these restrictions, cities are taking meaningful action toward creating a cleaner, more sustainable future for everyone.
(97語)
解答例(折衷案):
While I support reducing plastic waste, I believe complete bans on single-use plastics should be implemented gradually rather than immediately.
Sudden bans can create difficulties for businesses and consumers who rely on these products. Instead, a phased approach would allow time for affordable alternatives to become widely available. Additionally, some people with disabilities need plastic straws, so exceptions should be considered.
A more effective approach would combine reasonable regulations with education campaigns and incentives for eco-friendly alternatives. This balanced strategy would reduce plastic pollution while ensuring a smooth transition for everyone. In conclusion, addressing plastic waste requires thoughtful policies that consider both environmental and social needs.
(97語)
トピック2:高齢化社会の課題
問題文例: Many countries are facing an aging population. What do you think is the biggest challenge this creates, and how can it be addressed? Write your opinion in 80-100 words.
解答例:
I believe the biggest challenge of an aging population is maintaining adequate healthcare and pension systems while having fewer working-age people to support them.
This demographic shift creates financial pressure as fewer workers must support more retirees. To address this issue, governments should implement multiple strategies. First, encouraging older people to work longer by creating flexible employment opportunities would utilize their experience while reducing pension costs. Second, investing in healthcare technology and preventive medicine could reduce overall healthcare expenses.
Additionally, countries could gradually adjust immigration policies to welcome skilled workers. By combining these approaches, societies can better manage the economic challenges of an aging population while respecting seniors’ dignity.
(100語)
トピック3:再生可能エネルギーへの転換
問題文例: Do you think all countries should move quickly to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy? Write your opinion in 80-100 words.
解答例:
I believe all countries should transition to renewable energy, but the pace should vary based on each country’s economic situation and energy needs.
Wealthy nations with advanced technology should move quickly to renewable sources like solar and wind power, as they have the resources to manage this transition. However, developing countries face greater challenges, as they often rely heavily on fossil fuels for economic growth and may lack funding for new infrastructure.
International cooperation is essential, with developed countries providing financial and technological support to help developing nations adopt clean energy. This balanced approach would reduce global carbon emissions while recognizing different national circumstances and ensuring energy access for all.
× We received your email. Your email was about the upcoming conference. ○ We received your email which was about the upcoming conference.
さらに簡潔に: ○ We received your email about the upcoming conference.
例2:人物の説明を効率的に行う
× Ms. Johnson is our new marketing director. She joined our company last month. ○ Ms. Johnson, who joined our company last month, is our new marketing director.
例3:製品・サービスの特徴を説明する
× We are launching a new service. This service helps small businesses manage their finances. ○ We are launching a new service that helps small businesses manage their finances.
Thank you for your inquiry which we received yesterday. Regarding the issue that you mentioned, we have investigated and found a solution. We will implement the changes that are necessary to prevent similar problems in the future.
例2:会議のフォローアップ
I am writing to follow up on the meeting that we had on Tuesday. As per the action items which were agreed upon, I have prepared a draft that outlines the next steps. Please review the attached document, which contains the detailed implementation plan.
例3:提案書の送付
Please find attached our proposal that addresses the requirements you specified. We have included case studies that demonstrate our experience in similar projects. Our team, which consists of experts in this field, is ready to start as soon as we receive your approval.
“Our company, which was founded in 1995, has grown to become a leader in the industry. We specialize in developing solutions that address the most challenging problems faced by our clients. The technologies that we use are cutting-edge, enabling us to deliver results that exceed expectations.”
製品紹介
“Today I’d like to introduce our new product, which we’ve been developing for the past two years. This is a revolutionary system that integrates AI and cloud computing. The customers who have tested the beta version have provided extremely positive feedback. The feature that users appreciate most is the intuitive interface.”
戦略説明
“The strategy that we’re implementing is based on market research that we conducted last quarter. The data, which has been carefully analyzed, shows significant opportunities in the Asian market. Our team, whose expertise in this region is unmatched, will lead this initiative.”
報告書・提案書での活用
報告書・提案書での関係代名詞の活用例
報告書の要約部分
“This report summarizes the findings that emerged from our market analysis. The research team, which consisted of both internal analysts and external consultants, identified several key trends. The most significant trend, which is detailed in Section 3, indicates a shift in consumer preferences. The companies that adapt quickly to these changes will gain competitive advantage.”
提案書の導入部
“We are pleased to submit this proposal, which addresses the challenges you outlined in your RFP. Our solution, which is based on our proprietary technology, offers a comprehensive approach. The implementation plan that we’ve developed takes into account all requirements that you specified.”
レポートの結論部分
“The data that we’ve collected clearly supports our initial hypothesis. The factors that have the most significant impact are market volatility and regulatory changes. Based on these findings, we recommend actions that will mitigate risks while capitalizing on opportunities that are emerging in the market.”
交渉・会議での活用
交渉・会議での関係代名詞の活用例
交渉の場面
“We understand the concerns that you’ve raised regarding the timeline. The schedule that we initially proposed can be adjusted to address these concerns. However, there are certain quality standards that we can’t compromise on. Let’s discuss alternatives that would work for both parties.”
会議での意見表明
“The approach that my team is suggesting offers several advantages. The most important benefit, which I’d like to emphasize, is cost efficiency. The savings that we project are substantial. Colleagues who have implemented similar methods in their departments have reported positive outcomes.”
問題解決の議論
“The issue that we’re facing has several root causes. The primary cause, which we identified during our analysis, relates to supply chain disruptions. The suppliers with whom we’ve had long-term relationships are also experiencing difficulties. I believe the solution that will be most effective is a collaborative approach.”
6. TOEIC得点アップのための関係代名詞学習法
関係代名詞の理解を深め、TOEICスコアアップにつなげるための効果的な学習方法を紹介します。
効果的な学習アプローチ
基本から応用へ段階的に学ぶ:まず基本的な用法(who, which, that の違いなど)をマスターし、徐々に複雑な用法(非制限用法、whom, whose など)に進みましょう。
例:Our new product will be launched next month. It has been in development for two years.
整理:Our new product, which has been in development for two years, will be launched next month.
2. 文の構造を見やすくする
長い関係詞節は文の理解を難しくすることがあります。必要に応じて分割することも検討しましょう。
複雑:The strategic plan that addresses the challenges we’ve been facing in the Asian market which has experienced significant volatility over the past six months will be presented tomorrow.
改善:The strategic plan that addresses our challenges in the Asian market will be presented tomorrow. This market has experienced significant volatility over the past six months.
3. 前置詞の位置を工夫する
前置詞と関係代名詞の組み合わせは、状況に応じて適切な形を選びましょう。
フォーマル:The company for which I work is expanding into new markets.
カジュアル:The company which I work for is expanding into new markets.
ビジネス文書での効果的な関係代名詞の使い方
文書タイプ別のコツ
Eメール:簡潔さを重視し、必要に応じて関係代名詞を省略する
例:Thank you for the information (that) you sent yesterday.
報告書:正確さを重視し、曖昧さを避ける
例:The survey results, which are detailed in Appendix A, indicate a positive trend.
プレゼン資料:簡潔かつインパクトのある表現を心がける
例:We offer solutions that transform businesses.
契約書:厳密さを重視し、誤解の余地がないように関係詞節を明確にする
例:The services which are described in Schedule 1 shall be provided in accordance with the terms of this agreement.
Education plays a vital role in shaping our future. (教育は私たちの未来を形作る上で重要な役割を果たします)
I strongly believe that school uniforms promote equality among students. (制服は生徒間の平等を促進すると強く信じています)
After-school clubs provide students with valuable opportunities to develop teamwork skills. (部活動は生徒たちにチームワークスキルを伸ばす貴重な機会を提供します)
In my opinion, homework is necessary for reinforcing what students learn in class. (私の意見では、宿題は生徒が授業で学んだことを強化するために必要です)
反対意見を述べる表現
I disagree with the view that traditional teaching methods are always the best. (伝統的な教授法が常に最良であるという見解には同意できません)
Too much homework can actually hinder students’ creativity and free thinking. (宿題が多すぎると、実際に生徒の創造性や自由な思考を妨げる可能性があります)
School uniforms may limit students’ self-expression and individuality. (制服は生徒の自己表現や個性を制限する可能性があります)
Focusing only on academic subjects neglects the importance of arts and physical education. (学術科目のみに焦点を当てると、芸術や体育の重要性が軽視されます)
折衷案を述べる表現
While online learning offers flexibility, it should complement rather than replace traditional classrooms. (オンライン学習は柔軟性を提供しますが、従来の教室に取って代わるのではなく、補完すべきです)
A balanced approach that combines both academic study and practical skills would be most beneficial. (学術的な勉強と実践的なスキルの両方を組み合わせたバランスの取れたアプローチが最も有益でしょう)
Schools should find a middle ground between strict discipline and allowing students freedom. (学校は厳格な規律と生徒に自由を与えることの間で中間点を見つけるべきです)
問題文例: Do you agree or disagree with the statement: “All schools should require students to wear uniforms.” Write your opinion in 80-100 words.
解答例(賛成立場):
I agree that all schools should require uniforms. School uniforms have several important benefits for students and the school environment.
First, uniforms create a sense of equality among students by eliminating visible economic differences through clothing. This helps reduce bullying based on appearance or fashion choices. Second, uniforms help students focus on learning rather than what to wear, saving time and mental energy each morning.
Additionally, uniforms foster a sense of community and belonging within the school. In conclusion, while uniforms may limit self-expression somewhat, their benefits in creating an equal, focused, and unified learning environment outweigh this disadvantage.
(95語)
解答例(反対立場):
I disagree with mandatory school uniforms for all schools. While uniforms may create a sense of belonging, they have significant drawbacks.
First, uniforms limit students’ self-expression and individuality, which are important aspects of personal development. Young people need opportunities to discover their identity, and clothing is one way they express themselves. Second, uniforms can be costly for families, creating financial burdens despite their intention to reduce social inequality.
Instead, schools could implement dress codes that allow some flexibility while maintaining appropriate standards. In conclusion, schools should encourage individuality while teaching students to make responsible choices rather than enforcing strict uniform policies.
(94語)
トピック2:オンライン授業と対面授業
問題文例: Some people believe online classes should replace traditional classroom learning. Do you agree or disagree? Write your opinion in 80-100 words.
解答例(折衷案):
I believe that online classes should complement rather than completely replace traditional classroom learning. Both formats have distinct advantages.
Traditional classrooms offer irreplaceable face-to-face interaction, immediate feedback, and social development opportunities that build communication skills. However, online learning provides flexibility, accessibility, and the chance to learn at one’s own pace, which benefits many students.
The ideal approach would be a hybrid model where some subjects are taught online while others, especially those requiring discussion or hands-on practice, remain in-person. This balanced approach would prepare students for the digital future while maintaining the social aspects of education that are crucial for development.
(97語)
トピック3:宿題の量について
問題文例: Do you think students should have less homework? Write your opinion in 80-100 words.
解答例:
I believe students should have less homework but of higher quality. The current homework load in many schools is excessive and counterproductive.
Too much homework causes stress and fatigue, leaving students with little time for other important activities like family time, exercise, and pursuing personal interests. These activities are also essential for balanced development. Additionally, excessive homework often focuses on repetition rather than meaningful learning.
Instead, schools should assign fewer but more thoughtful assignments that encourage critical thinking and creativity. Quality is more important than quantity. In conclusion, reducing homework while improving its educational value would benefit students’ learning and overall well-being.
問題文: Some people think that participation in after-school clubs or activities should be mandatory for all students. Do you agree or disagree? Write your opinion in 80-100 words.
演習問題2:早期英語教育について
問題文: Do you agree or disagree with the statement: “English education should start from kindergarten”? Write your opinion in 80-100 words.