英検2級のリスニングでは、日常会話を理解し、適切な選択肢を選ぶ力が求められます。今回は「空港・飛行機(At the Airport)」に関するリスニング問題を用意しました。今回は少し難易度を上げ、会話中に出てきた単語が不正解の選択肢にも含まれるように工夫しています。設問を確認しながら、実践的なトレーニングをしましょう!
リスニング問題
💡 会話を聞いて、以下の質問に答えてみましょう。
Q1. Where is the traveler going? A) Los Angeles B) New York C) London D) Paris
Q2. What problem does the traveler have? A) Their flight is delayed B) Their baggage is overweight C) They lost their passport D) They are at the wrong terminal
Q3. How much does the traveler have to pay for the overweight baggage? A) $30 B) $50 C) $70 D) $100
Q4. What is the traveler’s gate number? A) 10 B) 15 C) 20 D) 25
解答と解説
📝 答え合わせをして、しっかり理解しましょう!
✅ Q1. 正解: B) New York 👉 「I’m flying to New York.」と話している。AやCの選択肢は類似都市での引っかけ。
✅ Q2. 正解: B) Their baggage is overweight 👉 「Oh, your suitcase is over the weight limit.」と話している。Aの「flight delay」やCの「lost passport」は一般的な空港トラブルを利用した引っかけ。
✅ Q3. 正解: B) $50 👉 「It’s $50 for overweight baggage.」とスタッフが説明している。AやCの選択肢は引っかけ。
✅ Q4. 正解: D) 25 👉 「Your gate number is 25.」と話している。A〜Cは近い数字の引っかけ。
リスニングスクリプト
(A: スタッフ, B: 旅行客)
A: Good morning! Where are you flying today? B: Hi! I’m flying to New York. Here’s my passport and ticket. A: Thank you. Let me check your baggage. Oh, your suitcase is over the weight limit. B: Oh no! By how much? A: It’s 5 kilograms over. You can either remove some items or pay an extra fee. B: How much is the fee? A: It’s $50 for overweight baggage. B: I see… I’ll just pay the fee. A: Okay, no problem. Here’s your boarding pass. Your gate number is 25, and boarding starts at 10:30 AM. B: Thank you!
例: 「A man in a warehouse is operating a forklift.」(倉庫でフォークリフトを操作している男性)
Part 2 (応答問題)
対策: ビジネスでの質問と応答のパターンを理解する。
例: 「When will the quarterly report be available?」(四半期報告書はいつ入手できますか?)
Part 3 & 4 (会話・説明文問題)
対策: 業界特有の状況や問題を理解するための専門用語を学ぶ。
例: 「We need to improve our inventory management to reduce costs.」(コスト削減のために在庫管理を改善する必要があります)
リーディングセクション
Part 5 & 6 (短文穴埋め問題)
対策: 業界固有の表現やコロケーション(単語の組み合わせ)を覚える。
例: 「The company is seeking to diversify its investment portfolio.」(会社は投資ポートフォリオの多様化を図っている)
Part 7 (読解問題)
対策: 様々な業界の文書(メール、報告書、広告など)で使われる専門用語を理解する。
例: ビジネスメール: 「Please find attached the market analysis report for Q2.」(第2四半期の市場分析レポートを添付しております)
5. TOEIC問題に見る専門用語の重要性
実際のTOEIC問題での専門用語の出題パターンを見てみましょう。
問題例1: Part 5 (短文穴埋め問題)
The marketing department is conducting _____ to determine customer preferences for the new product line.
(A) analytics
(B) market research
(C) advertising
(D) product placement
解説: マーケティング部門が行うのは「顧客の好みを調査する」ことなので、「市場調査」を意味する (B) market research が正解です。marketing(マーケティング)と research(調査)の関連性を理解していれば解きやすい問題です。
問題例2: Part 7 (読解問題)
From: Finance Department
To: All Managers
Subject: End of Fiscal Year Procedures
As we approach the end of the fiscal year, all departments are requested to submit their final expense reports by March 25. Any outstanding invoices must be processed before this date to be included in this year’s budget allocation. Please also prepare a preliminary budget for the next fiscal year, focusing on anticipated revenue and projected expenses.
The finance team will hold a briefing session on March 15 to assist with any questions regarding the year-end procedures. We will also provide guidance on how to prepare accurate financial forecasts for your department’s future budget needs.
質問: What must be submitted by March 25?
(A) Preliminary budgets
(B) Financial forecasts
(C) Expense reports
(D) Invoices
解説: 文中の「all departments are requested to submit their final expense reports by March 25」という記述から、(C) Expense reports (経費報告書)が正解です。fiscal year(会計年度)、budget allocation(予算配分)、invoices(請求書)などの金融・経理関連の専門用語を理解していると、文脈を素早く把握できます。
6. 効果的な専門用語の学習法
業界別専門用語を効率的に学ぶための方法をご紹介します。
1. 文脈の中で学ぶ
方法: 単語だけでなく、その単語が使われる文脈も一緒に覚えると定着しやすくなります。
実践: 業界別のニュース記事やビジネス雑誌を読み、専門用語がどのように使われているかを確認しましょう。Financial Times, The Wall Street Journal, Harvard Business Reviewなどが良い学習材料になります。
業界ニュースの定期購読をする:興味のある業界や自分の仕事に関連する業界の英語ニュースを定期購読しましょう。例えば、金融に興味があれば Financial Times や The Economist、テクノロジーに興味があれば Wired や TechCrunch などを読むと良いでしょう。毎日10分でも継続することが大切です。
例: 「A man in a warehouse is operating a forklift.」(倉庫でフォークリフトを操作している男性)
Part 2 (応答問題)
対策: ビジネスでの質問と応答のパターンを理解する。
例: 「When will the quarterly report be available?」(四半期報告書はいつ入手できますか?)
Part 3 & 4 (会話・説明文問題)
対策: 業界特有の状況や問題を理解するための専門用語を学ぶ。
例: 「We need to improve our inventory management to reduce costs.」(コスト削減のために在庫管理を改善する必要があります)
リーディングセクション
Part 5 & 6 (短文穴埋め問題)
対策: 業界固有の表現やコロケーション(単語の組み合わせ)を覚える。
例: 「The company is seeking to diversify its investment portfolio.」(会社は投資ポートフォリオの多様化を図っている)
Part 7 (読解問題)
対策: 様々な業界の文書(メール、報告書、広告など)で使われる専門用語を理解する。
例: ビジネスメール: 「Please find attached the market analysis report for Q2.」(第2四半期の市場分析レポートを添付しております)
5. TOEIC問題に見る専門用語の重要性
実際のTOEIC問題での専門用語の出題パターンを見てみましょう。
問題例1: Part 5 (短文穴埋め問題)
The marketing department is conducting _____ to determine customer preferences for the new product line.
(A) analytics
(B) market research
(C) advertising
(D) product placement
解説: マーケティング部門が行うのは「顧客の好みを調査する」ことなので、「市場調査」を意味する (B) market research が正解です。marketing(マーケティング)と research(調査)の関連性を理解していれば解きやすい問題です。
問題例2: Part 7 (読解問題)
From: Finance Department
To: All Managers
Subject: End of Fiscal Year Procedures
As we approach the end of the fiscal year, all departments are requested to submit their final expense reports by March 25. Any outstanding invoices must be processed before this date to be included in this year’s budget allocation. Please also prepare a preliminary budget for the next fiscal year, focusing on anticipated revenue and projected expenses.
The finance team will hold a briefing session on March 15 to assist with any questions regarding the year-end procedures. We will also provide guidance on how to prepare accurate financial forecasts for your department’s future budget needs.
質問: What must be submitted by March 25?
(A) Preliminary budgets
(B) Financial forecasts
(C) Expense reports
(D) Invoices
解説: 文中の「all departments are requested to submit their final expense reports by March 25」という記述から、(C) Expense reports (経費報告書)が正解です。fiscal year(会計年度)、budget allocation(予算配分)、invoices(請求書)などの金融・経理関連の専門用語を理解していると、文脈を素早く把握できます。
6. 効果的な専門用語の学習法
業界別専門用語を効率的に学ぶための方法をご紹介します。
1. 文脈の中で学ぶ
方法: 単語だけでなく、その単語が使われる文脈も一緒に覚えると定着しやすくなります。
実践: 業界別のニュース記事やビジネス雑誌を読み、専門用語がどのように使われているかを確認しましょう。Financial Times, The Wall Street Journal, Harvard Business Reviewなどが良い学習材料になります。
例題: Do you agree that students should have longer summer vacations? (生徒はより長い夏休みを持つべきだという意見に賛成ですか?)
解答例:
I agree that students should have longer summer vacations. First, students need enough time to rest after studying hard during the school year. For example, I always feel refreshed and ready to learn after a good break. Second, longer vacations give us time to enjoy hobbies and spend time with family. Finally, we can use this time for valuable experiences like travel or volunteer work. That’s why I support longer summer vacations.
(60語)
パターン2: 好み/選択を述べる(Which do you prefer…?)
例題: Which do you prefer, reading books or watching movies? Why? (本を読むことと映画を見ることのどちらが好きですか?なぜですか?)
解答例:
I prefer reading books to watching movies. First, books let me use my imagination more freely. When I read a story, I can create my own pictures of characters and places in my mind. Second, I can read at my own pace and stop whenever I want. Also, books have more details than movies. For example, Harry Potter books tell us more about the wizarding world than the films. That’s why I enjoy books more.
(60語)
パターン3: 意見を述べる(What do you think about…?)
例題: What do you think about using smartphones in class? Write your opinion. (授業中にスマートフォンを使用することについてどう思いますか?あなたの意見を書きなさい。)
解答例:
I think using smartphones in class is not a good idea. First, smartphones distract students from learning. For instance, my classmate often checks social media during lessons and misses important information. Second, some students might use phones to cheat on tests. Also, looking at screens for a long time can hurt our eyes. For these reasons, I believe smartphones should not be allowed during class time.
(57語)
4. 説得力を高めるためのテクニック
準2級レベルでも使える、意見文の説得力を高めるためのシンプルなテクニックを紹介します。
1. 具体例を挙げる
抽象的な主張より、具体的な例の方が説得力があります。
抽象的:
Learning English is useful.(英語を学ぶことは役立ちます)
具体的:
Learning English is useful. For example, I could talk with tourists from America at my local station last week. (英語を学ぶことは役立ちます。例えば、先週地元の駅でアメリカからの観光客と話すことができました)
2. 対比を使う
自分の意見とは反対の考えにも少し触れることで、バランス感覚を示せます。
例:
Some people think online games are just a waste of time. However, I believe they can improve our problem-solving skills. (オンラインゲームは時間の無駄だと考える人もいます。しかし、私はそれらが問題解決能力を向上させると思います)
3. 個人的な経験を入れる
自分自身の経験を交えると、文章に真実味が増します。
例:
When I started keeping a diary in English last year, my writing skills improved dramatically. (去年英語で日記をつけ始めたとき、私のライティングスキルは劇的に向上しました)
4. 数字や事実を使う
簡単な数字や事実を入れると、主張が裏付けられます。
例:
I study English for 30 minutes every day, and my test scores have improved by 20%. (毎日30分英語を勉強しており、テストの点数は20%向上しました)
5. よくある意見文のパターンと表現例
頻出のテーマについて、使えるフレーズとサンプル文を紹介します。
学校生活に関するテーマ
制服について:
Uniforms create a sense of unity among students.(制服は生徒間の一体感を生み出します)
Wearing uniforms saves time in the morning.(制服を着ることで朝の時間が節約できます)
Uniforms reduce the pressure to wear fashionable clothes.(制服はおしゃれな服を着る圧力を減らします)
宿題について:
Homework helps us review what we learned in class.(宿題は授業で学んだことの復習になります)
Too much homework causes stress for students.(宿題が多すぎると生徒にストレスがかかります)
Homework teaches us to manage our time wisely.(宿題は時間を賢く管理することを教えてくれます)
趣味・余暇に関するテーマ
スポーツについて:
Playing sports keeps us healthy and strong.(スポーツをすることで健康で強くいられます)
Team sports teach us how to cooperate with others.(チームスポーツは他者との協力の仕方を教えてくれます)
I enjoy swimming because it exercises the whole body.(全身を鍛えることができるので、水泳を楽しんでいます)
I like mystery novels because they make me think.(考えさせられるので、ミステリー小説が好きです)
Reading before bed helps me relax and sleep better.(寝る前に読書をすると、リラックスして良く眠れます)
テクノロジーに関するテーマ
インターネットについて:
The internet gives us access to a lot of information.(インターネットで多くの情報にアクセスできます)
We need to be careful about fake news online.(オンラインの偽ニュースには注意が必要です)
I use the internet to learn new skills through video tutorials.(ビデオチュートリアルで新しいスキルを学ぶためにインターネットを使っています)
スマートフォンについて:
Smartphones help us stay connected with friends and family.(スマートフォンで友達や家族とつながり続けることができます)
Too much screen time can be bad for our eyes.(画面を見る時間が長すぎると目に悪影響があります)
Smartphones can be useful learning tools if used properly.(適切に使用すれば、スマートフォンは役立つ学習ツールになります)
6. NG表現と言い換え例
英検準2級の意見文でよく見られる問題表現と、それを改善する言い換え例を見てみましょう。
1. あいまいな意見表明
NG:
I think maybe homework is good.(宿題は良いかもしれないと思います)
OK:
I believe homework is necessary for students.(宿題は生徒にとって必要だと思います)
2. 理由がない主張
NG:
I like summer vacation. It is good.(夏休みが好きです。それは良いです)
OK:
I like summer vacation because I can relax and enjoy time with my friends.(リラックスしたり友達と時間を過ごせたりするので、夏休みが好きです)
3. つながりのない単文の羅列
NG:
I like music. Music is fun. I listen to music every day.(音楽が好きです。音楽は楽しいです。毎日音楽を聴きます)
OK:
I like music because it is enjoyable and relaxing. I listen to my favorite songs every day after school.(楽しくてリラックスできるので音楽が好きです。毎日放課後に好きな曲を聴いています)
4. 同じ語句の繰り返し
NG:
School trips are good. School trips are fun. School trips help us learn.(修学旅行は良いです。修学旅行は楽しいです。修学旅行は学びの助けになります)
OK:
School trips are beneficial for students. These excursions are enjoyable and help us learn about different places.(修学旅行は生徒にとって有益です。これらの遠足は楽しく、様々な場所について学ぶ助けになります)
Do you think students should have PE (Physical Education) classes every day? Why or why not? (生徒は毎日体育の授業を受けるべきだと思いますか?なぜそう思うのか、またはそう思わないのか説明しなさい。)
構成メモ例:
意見: Yes, daily PE is good
理由1: Keeps students healthy
例: When I have PE, I feel more energetic all day
理由2: Helps concentrate in other classes
まとめ: PE every day benefits both body and mind
解答例:
I believe students should have PE classes every day. First, regular exercise keeps us healthy and strong. For example, when I have PE class in the morning, I feel more energetic throughout the day. Second, physical activity helps us concentrate better in other subjects. When we move our bodies, our brains work better too. Finally, daily PE classes can reduce stress and improve mental health. For these reasons, I think daily PE is important for all students.
(60語)
練習問題2:
Which do you prefer, studying at home or at a library? Give reasons for your answer. (自宅で勉強することと図書館で勉強することのどちらが好きですか?あなたの答えの理由を述べなさい。)
メモ例:
意見: Prefer library
理由1: Fewer distractions
例: At home, often check phone or watch TV
理由2: Good study atmosphere with others studying
まとめ: Library helps me focus better
解答例:
I prefer studying at a library rather than at home. The main reason is that there are fewer distractions at the library. At home, I often check my phone or watch TV instead of studying. For example, last week I couldn’t finish my homework at home because my favorite show was on TV. Also, seeing other people studying at the library motivates me to work harder. In conclusion, the library environment helps me focus and be more productive.
(59語)
I am writing to request your approval for the revised marketing budget.
本文
(Body)
詳細を論理的に説明する
The revised budget includes the following changes:
1. 15% increase in digital advertising
2. Reduction in print materials
結論
(Conclusion)
次のステップや期待する行動を明確にする
Please review the attached document and provide your feedback by Friday, May 20.
締めの挨拶
(Closing)
丁寧に締めくくる
Thank you for your consideration.
Best regards,
ビジネスレポートの基本構造
ビジネスレポートは以下の構造に従うと読みやすく効果的です。
エグゼクティブサマリー: レポートの重要ポイントを簡潔にまとめる
目的/背景: レポートの目的と背景情報を提供する
方法論: どのようにデータを収集・分析したかを説明する
調査結果: 主な発見事項を論理的に提示する
分析/考察: 結果の意味や影響を分析する
結論: 主な結論をまとめる
推奨事項: 具体的な行動提案をする
付録: 詳細なデータや補足資料を提供する
3. 説得力を高める英語表現テクニック
ビジネス文書の説得力を高めるための英語表現テクニックをいくつかご紹介します。これらはTOEIC Part 7の読解問題でも頻出です。
明確な目的を示す表現
例文:
– The purpose of this report is to analyze the effectiveness of our new marketing strategy.
– This email outlines the steps we need to take to improve customer satisfaction.
– I am writing to request your approval for the project budget increase.
– This proposal aims to demonstrate how we can reduce operational costs by 15%.
– The objective of this presentation is to provide an overview of our Q3 performance.
論理的な構成を示す表現
例文:
– First and foremost, we need to address the declining sales in the European market.
– In addition to cost savings, this approach will also improve efficiency.
– Furthermore, our research indicates strong potential in emerging markets.
– However, we must consider the potential risks associated with this strategy.
– Consequently, I recommend increasing our investment in digital marketing.
– In conclusion, the data clearly supports our decision to expand into the Asian market.
データや証拠を示す表現
例文:
– According to our market research, 65% of customers prefer our new product design.
– The data indicates a 20% increase in website traffic following the campaign launch.
– As shown in the attached graph, our sales have consistently improved over the past six months.
– Based on customer feedback, we have identified three key areas for improvement.
– Evidence suggests that implementing these changes will result in a 15% cost reduction.
提案や推奨を行う表現
例文:
– I recommend that we proceed with the system upgrade in the third quarter.
– We suggest implementing the new training program across all departments.
– It would be advisable to postpone the product launch until market conditions improve.
– The most effective approach would be to focus on our core customers first.
– I propose scheduling a meeting next week to discuss these findings in detail.
4. TOEICでよく出るビジネス文書と表現
TOEIC Part 7のリーディングセクションでは、様々なビジネス文書が出題されます。以下によく出る文書の種類と特徴的な表現をご紹介します。
メール (Email)
よく使われる表現:
I am writing to inform you that… (ご連絡申し上げます)
Please find attached… (添付ファイルをご確認ください)
I would appreciate it if you could… (〜していただければ幸いです)
Please let me know if you have any questions. (ご質問があればお知らせください)
I look forward to hearing from you. (ご返信をお待ちしております)
社内メモ (Memo)
よく使われる表現:
TO: All Staff (宛先: 全スタッフ)
RE: Updated Company Policy (件名: 会社ポリシーの更新について)
Effective immediately… (即時発効)
Please be advised that… (以下をご了承ください)
For further information, contact… (詳細については〜にお問い合わせください)
報告書 (Report)
よく使われる表現:
Executive Summary (エグゼクティブサマリー)
The findings indicate that… (調査結果によると…)
Based on the analysis… (分析に基づいて…)
It is recommended that… (…することが推奨されます)
In conclusion,… (結論として、…)
広告 (Advertisement)
よく使われる表現:
Limited time offer! (期間限定オファー!)
Save up to 50% (最大50%オフ)
Don’t miss this opportunity (このチャンスをお見逃しなく)
For more information, visit… (詳細は…をご覧ください)
Terms and conditions apply (規約が適用されます)
フォーム (Form)
よく使われる表現:
Please fill in all required fields (必須項目をすべて記入してください)
For official use only (担当者記入欄)
Submit by [date] ([日付]までに提出してください)
Incomplete forms will not be processed (不完全なフォームは処理されません)
From: Sarah Johnson <sjohnson@globaltechcorp.com>
To: Development Team <dev-team@globaltechcorp.com>
Subject: Upcoming Software Release – Schedule Change
Dear Development Team,
I am writing to inform you of a change to our upcoming software release schedule. Due to feedback from our beta testers, we have identified several critical issues that need to be addressed before the public release.
As a result, we have decided to postpone the release date from May 15 to June 5. This will give us three additional weeks to resolve the identified issues and conduct more thorough testing.
Please adjust your work schedules accordingly and prioritize the bug fixes listed in the attached document. If you have any concerns about meeting the new deadline, please contact me as soon as possible.
Thank you for your understanding and continued hard work.
Best regards,
Sarah Johnson
Product Manager
What is the main purpose of this email?
(A) To announce a new software product
(B) To notify the team of a schedule change
(C) To request feedback from beta testers
(D) To assign new development tasks
解説: このメールの主な目的は、ソフトウェアリリースの日程変更を開発チームに通知することです。メールの冒頭部分に「I am writing to inform you of a change to our upcoming software release schedule.」と明確に書かれています。よって正解は (B) です。
問題例2: 複数の文書を比較する問題
Document 1: Email
From: Marcus Chen <mchen@innovatech.com>
To: Procurement Department <procurement@innovatech.com>
Subject: Office Supply Vendor Recommendation
After reviewing proposals from multiple vendors, I recommend that we select OfficeMax Solutions as our new office supply provider. They offer competitive pricing, a wide range of products, and excellent customer service. Additionally, their online ordering system would streamline our procurement process. Please let me know your thoughts on this recommendation.
Document 2: Response Email
From: Procurement Department <procurement@innovatech.com>
To: Marcus Chen <mchen@innovatech.com>
Subject: Re: Office Supply Vendor Recommendation
Thank you for your recommendation regarding OfficeMax Solutions. While we appreciate your input, we have concerns about their delivery schedule, which may not meet our immediate needs. Before making a final decision, we would like to see a comparison of all vendor proposals, focusing particularly on price, product range, and delivery timeframes. Could you please provide this information by Friday?
What does the Procurement Department want Marcus to do?
(A) Select OfficeMax Solutions as the vendor
(B) Contact other vendors for better prices
(C) Provide a comparison of all vendor proposals
(D) Arrange a meeting with OfficeMax Solutions
解説: 調達部門は、「Before making a final decision, we would like to see a comparison of all vendor proposals…Could you please provide this information by Friday?」と述べており、すべてのベンダー提案の比較を求めています。よって正解は (C) です。
改善例:
× It is highly recommended that consideration be given to the implementation of the new accounting software system by all departments in the near future.
○ All departments should implement the new accounting software system within the next month.
ポイント: 冗長な表現を削除し、直接的で簡潔な文に変えることで、メッセージが明確になります。
強い動詞の使用
改善例:
× There will be a meeting about the project on Tuesday.
○ We will discuss the project on Tuesday at 10 AM in Conference Room A.
Q1. What is the students’ project about? A) The American Revolution B) The American Civil War C) World War II D) The Industrial Revolution
Q2. What part of the project will the male student work on? A) The effects of the war B) The battles of the war C) The causes of the war D) The key figures in the war
Q3. Where will they meet to work on the project? A) In the classroom B) In the library C) At a café D) At Student A’s house
Q4. When will they meet? A) On Wednesday before class B) On Thursday after school C) On Friday afternoon D) On Saturday morning
解答と解説
📝 答え合わせをして、しっかり理解しましょう!
✅ Q1. 正解: B) The American Civil War 👉 「I was thinking about the American Civil War.」と話している。AやCの選択肢は似たテーマでの引っかけ。
✅ Q2. 正解: C) The causes of the war 👉 「You can research the causes, and I’ll work on the effects.」と話している。Aの「effects」やDの「key figures」は会話中の単語を利用した引っかけ。
✅ Q3. 正解: B) In the library 👉 「Let’s meet in the library.」と話している。Aの「classroom」やDの「Student A’s house」は引っかけ。
✅ Q4. 正解: B) On Thursday after school 👉 「How about Thursday after school?」と提案している。AやCの選択肢は似た時間帯の引っかけ。
リスニングスクリプト
(A: 学生, B: クラスメート)
A: Hey, have you started working on our history project? B: Not yet. I’m not sure where to begin. A: We need to choose a historical event and make a presentation. B: Right. I was thinking about the American Civil War. What do you think? A: That’s a good idea! We could focus on the causes and effects of the war. B: Sounds great! Should we divide the work? A: Yes. You can research the causes, and I’ll work on the effects. B: Okay. When should we meet to put everything together? A: How about Thursday after school? B: That works for me! Let’s meet in the library. A: Perfect!
定型表現を覚える(例:In my opinion, / I think that / For example, など)
意見を述べる際のフレーズを練習する
6. 実際の出題例と解答例
出題例1:学校生活に関するテーマ
問題: Do you think students should wear school uniforms? Give your opinion. (生徒は学校で制服を着るべきだと思いますか?あなたの意見を述べなさい。)
解答例:
I think students should wear school uniforms. First, uniforms make all students equal. No one can show off expensive clothes, so students feel comfortable. Second, uniforms help us save time in the morning because we don’t need to choose what to wear. Finally, uniforms create school identity. When I wear my uniform, I feel proud of my school. For these reasons, I support school uniforms.
(59語)
解説:
冒頭で質問に対する明確な立場を示しています
3つの理由(平等性、時間の節約、学校への帰属意識)を簡潔に説明しています
最後に意見をまとめています
基本的な接続詞(first, second, finally)を使って文章の流れを整えています
出題例2:日常生活に関するテーマ
問題: Which do you prefer, studying alone or studying in a group? Write your opinion. (一人で勉強することとグループで勉強することのどちらが好きですか?あなたの意見を書きなさい。)
解答例:
I prefer studying alone because it helps me concentrate better. When I study by myself, I can focus on difficult subjects without being distracted by others. For example, I always study math alone in my room, and I can solve problems faster. Also, I can make my own study schedule and take breaks when I need them. However, group study is good for discussing ideas. In conclusion, studying alone works best for me.
(60語)
If you accept our proposal, we will deliver the products by next month. (ご提案をお受けいただければ、来月までに製品をお届けします)
If + 過去形, would + 動詞
実現可能性が低い・仮定の条件
If we reduced the price, would you consider increasing the order volume? (価格を下げた場合、注文量を増やすことをご検討いただけますか)
If + 過去完了形, would have + 過去分詞
過去の事実に反する仮定
If we had known about your requirements earlier, we would have prepared a different proposal. (あなたの要件を早く知っていれば、別の提案を準備していたでしょう)
Unless
「〜でない限り」という否定条件
Unless we receive your payment by Friday, we cannot proceed with the shipment. (金曜日までにお支払いいただかない限り、出荷を進めることができません)
譲歩を表す表現
交渉の中で譲歩や妥協を示す表現も重要です。
Although/Though/Even though: Although we usually require full payment in advance, we can make an exception in your case. (通常は前払いを要求していますが、あなたの場合は例外を設けることができます)
Despite/In spite of: Despite the tight deadline, we are willing to take on this project. (納期が厳しいにもかかわらず、このプロジェクトを引き受ける用意があります)
However: We understand your budget constraints. However, we cannot reduce the price any further. (予算の制約はわかります。しかし、これ以上の値下げはできません)
丁寧な要求・提案
交渉では丁寧な表現を使うことで、相手に好印象を与えることができます。
Would you consider + 動名詞: Would you consider extending the payment terms to 60 days? (支払い条件を60日に延長することをご検討いただけますか)
Would it be possible to + 動詞: Would it be possible to schedule a follow-up meeting next week? (来週フォローアップミーティングを設定することは可能でしょうか)
I was wondering if + 文: I was wondering if we could discuss the delivery schedule in more detail. (納期スケジュールについてもう少し詳しく話し合えればと思っています)
We would appreciate it if + 文: We would appreciate it if you could reconsider our proposal. (提案を再考いただければ幸いです)
意見の不一致を表現する
交渉では意見の不一致が生じることもありますが、それを丁寧に表現することが重要です。
I understand your position, but…: I understand your position, but we have some concerns about the timeline. (ご立場は理解していますが、スケジュールについて懸念があります)
I see your point, however…: I see your point, however, we need to consider the impact on quality. (ご指摘はわかりますが、品質への影響を考慮する必要があります)
I’m afraid we cannot agree to…: I’m afraid we cannot agree to these terms as they stand. (申し訳ありませんが、現状のこれらの条件には同意できません)
While I appreciate…, I must point out that…: While I appreciate your offer, I must point out that it doesn’t address our main concern. (オファーには感謝しますが、当社の主要な懸念事項に対応していないことを指摘しなければなりません)
Buyer:The price you’re offering seems quite high compared to what we’ve seen from other suppliers. (ご提示の価格は、他のサプライヤーから見積もられた価格と比べてかなり高いように思います)
Seller:I understand your concern about the price. However, our product offers superior quality and durability that will save you money in the long run. Additionally, we include comprehensive after-sales service. (価格についてのご懸念は理解しています。しかし、当社の製品は長期的にはお金を節約できる優れた品質と耐久性を提供しています。さらに、包括的なアフターサービスも含まれています)
Buyer:I appreciate the quality aspect, but our budget for this project is limited. Is there any way you could offer a discount if we increase the order quantity? (品質面は評価しますが、このプロジェクトの予算には限りがあります。注文数量を増やした場合、割引を提供していただくことは可能でしょうか)
Seller:Yes, we could certainly consider a volume discount. If you increase your order by 20%, we could offer a 10% reduction in the unit price. (はい、数量割引を検討することは可能です。注文を20%増やしていただければ、単価を10%引き下げることができます)
契約条件の交渉
契約条件の交渉の例:
Client:We’ve reviewed the contract, and we’re concerned about the payment terms. Net 30 days is too short for our accounting process. (契約書を確認しましたが、支払い条件について懸念があります。30日以内の支払いは当社の経理処理にとって短すぎます)
Service Provider:I see. What payment terms would work better for your company? (なるほど。どのような支払い条件が御社に適していますか)
Client:We typically work with Net 60 days for all our vendors. (通常、すべてのベンダーに対して60日以内の支払い条件で取引しています)
Service Provider:Net 60 would be challenging for us. However, we could agree to Net 45 days if you could commit to a minimum 12-month contract instead of the proposed 6 months. (60日は当社にとって厳しいです。ただし、提案されている6ヶ月ではなく、最低12ヶ月の契約にコミットしていただければ、45日以内の支払い条件に同意できます)
納期交渉
納期交渉の例:
Customer:According to your proposal, delivery would take 8 weeks, but we need these items by the end of next month for a major event. (ご提案によると納期は8週間とのことですが、来月末の主要イベントまでにこれらの品目が必要です)
Supplier:I understand the urgency of your situation. While our standard production time is indeed 8 weeks, we might be able to expedite the process. (状況の緊急性は理解しています。当社の標準製造時間は確かに8週間ですが、プロセスを迅速化できる可能性はあります)
Customer:That would be greatly appreciated. What would be the earliest possible delivery date? (それは大変ありがたいです。最短での納期はいつになりますか)
Supplier:We could possibly deliver within 6 weeks, but there would be a 15% expediting fee. Alternatively, we could ship the items in two batches – 50% in 5 weeks and the remaining 50% in 8 weeks at no additional cost. (15%の特急料金で6週間以内に納品することは可能です。あるいは、追加費用なしで5週間で50%、8週間で残りの50%の2回に分けて出荷することもできます)
問題例1: (Part 5 穴埋め問題) The sales team is willing to _____ on the price if the customer agrees to a three-year service contract. (A) compromise (B) compensate (C) compete (D) complicate
問題例2: (Part 5 穴埋め問題) _____ we receive your signed agreement by Friday, we will be able to begin work on the project next week. (A) However (B) Unless (C) Provided that (D) Despite
From: j.peterson@rexontech.com To: m.suzuki@nichibon.co.jp Subject: Re: Contract Terms Negotiation
Dear Mr. Suzuki,
Thank you for your prompt response to our proposal. I understand your concerns regarding the payment schedule. While our standard terms are 30 days, we are willing to extend the payment period to 45 days as a gesture of goodwill. However, we would need to maintain the minimum order quantity as specified in the original agreement.
Regarding the warranty period, if you could commit to a two-year contract instead of one year, we would be able to extend the warranty from 12 to 18 months.
Please let me know if these adjustments would work for your company. I’m confident that we can reach an agreement that benefits both our organizations.
Best regards, James Peterson Account Manager Rexon Technologies
質問: What is the main purpose of this email? (A) To reject the client’s request (B) To propose alternative terms (C) To terminate negotiations (D) To confirm a final agreement
解説: このメールは、クライアントの懸念に対応し、代替条件を提案しています。支払い期間を30日から45日に延長し、2年契約へのコミットメントと引き換えに保証期間を延長することを提案しています。よって正解は (B) To propose alternative terms です。
Q1. What kind of job is the interview for? A) A restaurant waiter B) A barista at a café C) A cashier at a supermarket D) A hotel receptionist
Q2. What experience does the applicant have? A) Working at a bakery B) Working as a waiter at a restaurant C) Working as a barista D) Working as a cashier at a convenience store
Q3. What are the main tasks of this job? A) Taking orders, making drinks, and handling cash B) Cooking meals and serving food C) Cleaning tables and washing dishes D) Delivering food to customers
Q4. When is the applicant available to work? A) Only on weekdays B) Only on Sundays C) Only on Saturdays D) On both Saturdays and Sundays
解答と解説
📝 答え合わせをして、しっかり理解しましょう!
✅ Q1. 正解: B) A barista at a café 👉 「Hi, welcome to Sunny Café! Are you here for the part-time job interview?」とあるので、カフェの仕事と分かる。Aの「restaurant」やCの「supermarket」は引っかけ。
✅ Q2. 正解: B) Working as a waiter at a restaurant 👉 「I have experience working at a restaurant as a waiter.」と話している。Cの「barista」やDの「cashier」は仕事に関連するが不正解。
✅ Q3. 正解: A) Taking orders, making drinks, and handling cash 👉 「This job requires taking orders, making drinks, and handling cash.」と店長が説明している。Bの「cooking meals」はレストランの仕事で、引っかけ要素。
✅ Q4. 正解: C) Only on Saturdays 👉 「I can work on Saturdays, but I have classes on Sundays.」と話している。Dの「both Saturdays and Sundays」は引っかけ選択肢。
リスニングスクリプト
(A: 店長, B: 応募者)
A: Hi, welcome to Sunny Café! Are you here for the part-time job interview? B: Yes, I saw the job ad and I’m really interested. A: Great! Have you ever worked at a café before? B: No, but I have experience working at a restaurant as a waiter. A: That’s good. This job requires taking orders, making drinks, and handling cash. Do you think you can manage that? B: Yes, I’m good at multitasking, and I learn quickly. A: Perfect! We need someone who can work on weekends. Are you available then? B: I can work on Saturdays, but I have classes on Sundays. A: That’s fine. We mostly need help on Saturdays. When can you start? B: I can start next week! A: Excellent. We’ll give you a call soon. Thanks for coming today! B: Thank you!
While some people believe that social media negatively affects teenagers’ mental health, I think it has more positive aspects. For instance, it allows young people to connect with friends and family, especially those who live far away. In my case, I was able to maintain relationships with my classmates during the pandemic through social media platforms.
構成面で評価を高めるポイント
明確な段落構成
導入(Introduction):トピックの提示と自分の立場
本論(Body):主張とその根拠(複数のパラグラフに分ける)
結論(Conclusion):主張の要約と最終的な意見
効果的な接続詞の使用
段落間のつながりを示す: firstly, secondly, finally
対比を示す: however, on the other hand, in contrast
例示を示す: for example, for instance, such as
結論を示す: in conclusion, to sum up, therefore
一貫性のある流れ
一つの段落に一つの主題
論理的につながるように順序立てる
良い構成例:
(導入) The question of whether students should wear uniforms at school is widely debated. In my opinion, school uniforms are beneficial for several reasons.
(本論1) Firstly, uniforms create a sense of equality among students, regardless of their economic background.
(本論2) Secondly, wearing uniforms helps students focus on their studies rather than their appearance.
(結論) In conclusion, although some may argue that uniforms limit individual expression, I believe the benefits of creating equality and focus outweigh this concern.
語彙面で評価を高めるポイント
多様な語彙の使用
同じ単語の繰り返しを避ける
同意語(シノニム)を使い分ける
適切な表現レベル
中級以上の語彙を適切に使用
慣用句や熟語を効果的に取り入れる
正確な単語選択
日本語からの直訳ではなく、適切な英語表現を選ぶ
ニュアンスの違いに注意する
語彙の多様性の例:
❌ I like this movie. The movie is interesting. The movie has good actors.
⭕ I enjoy this film. The plot is engaging and the cast delivers outstanding performances.
文法面で評価を高めるポイント
基本文法の正確さ
主語と動詞の一致
時制の適切な使用と一貫性
冠詞の正確な使用
複雑な構文の適切な使用
関係詞を用いた複文
分詞構文
仮定法
文の長さと構造のバランス
短文と長文をバランスよく使用
単文と複文を適切に組み合わせる
複雑な構文の例:
❌ I think education is important. We need to study. It helps our future.
⭕ I believe that education, which provides us with essential knowledge and skills, is crucial for our future success.
問題: Do you think high school students should wear uniforms? Why or why not?
合格ライン解答(70%程度の得点)
I think high school students should wear uniforms. There are three reasons.
First, uniforms make all students equal. Rich students and poor students wear same clothes, so there is no difference.
Second, uniforms help students focus on study. If students wear free clothes, they think too much about fashion.
Third, uniforms are good for school identity. When people see the uniform, they know which school the student is from.
In conclusion, I think uniforms are good for high school students.
(86語)
解説:
内容:主張は明確で3つの理由を挙げている。ただし、具体例が乏しい。
構成:導入・本論・結論の基本構成はできている。
語彙:基本的な語彙が中心で、多様性に欠ける。
文法:単純な構文が中心で、文法的な誤りは少ない。
高得点解答(90%以上の得点)
The question of whether high school students should wear uniforms is controversial. I strongly believe uniforms are beneficial for several reasons.
Primarily, uniforms create equality among students. When everyone wears the same outfit, socioeconomic differences become less visible, reducing potential bullying based on clothing brands. At my school, this policy decreased tension between different social groups.
Furthermore, uniforms help students focus on academics rather than appearance. Without pressure to choose trendy outfits, students can dedicate more energy to their studies.
However, some argue that uniforms restrict self-expression. While valid, I believe students can express individuality through extracurricular activities.
In conclusion, though there are arguments against uniforms, their benefits of promoting equality, focus, and school identity outweigh the drawbacks.
(99語)
Whether studying alone or in a group is more effective depends on learning styles and subjects. I believe a balanced approach combining both methods works best.
Studying alone offers key advantages. It allows better concentration without distractions. When I study math, working independently helps me focus on complex problems. Individual study also enables students to progress at their own pace.
Group study provides different benefits. It facilitates the exchange of ideas, enhancing understanding through discussion. When analyzing literature with classmates, I discover perspectives I hadn’t considered. Explaining concepts to others also reinforces my own knowledge.
In conclusion, while both methods have merits, alternating between individual and group study based on the specific task is the most effective approach to learning.
(97語)
特徴:
二項対立の問題に対して、バランスの取れた視点を示している
具体的な科目例(数学、文学)を挙げて説得力を高めている
個人的な経験を交えつつ一般性も保っている
テーマ2:テクノロジー
問題: Do smartphones help or harm students’ education?
Smartphones have transformed education, bringing both benefits and drawbacks to students’ learning. In my opinion, their educational advantages outweigh the negative aspects when used properly.
The benefits of smartphones are significant. They provide instant access to information, enabling students to research topics and expand knowledge beyond textbooks. Educational apps also offer interactive learning experiences. During my studies, language learning apps improved my English vocabulary considerably.
However, smartphones can distract students. Notifications from social media and games interrupt studying, and some students struggle with managing screen time. Excessive smartphone use can reduce academic performance.
To maximize benefits while minimizing drawbacks, schools should teach responsible usage rather than banning smartphones. By promoting digital literacy and establishing guidelines, smartphones can become valuable educational tools.
In conclusion, smartphones offer important learning opportunities when used mindfully.
(100語)
特徴:
導入部で論点を明確にし、自分の立場を示している
利点と欠点の両方に触れ、バランスの取れた議論を展開
個人的経験と調査結果の両方を根拠として挙げている
解決策も提案し、単なる意見表明にとどまらない発展的な内容
テーマ3:社会問題
問題: Should teenagers have part-time jobs while they are students?
Whether teenagers should work part-time while studying involves valid arguments on both sides. I believe part-time jobs can benefit students if hours are moderate and balanced with academics.
Working part-time offers important advantages. It provides practical experience that classroom education cannot. Through my weekend café job, I developed skills in customer service, time management, and teamwork—valuable for my future career. Earning money also teaches financial responsibility.
However, excessive working hours can hurt academic performance. Students working more than 20 hours weekly often see declining grades and increased stress. Some may prioritize immediate income over education, limiting future opportunities.
The ideal approach is balance. Limited work hours (10-15 weekly), understanding employers, and flexible schedules during exam periods allow teenagers to gain experience without compromising education.
In conclusion, moderate part-time work offers valuable life skills while preparing teenagers for careers, provided academics remain the priority.
(98語)
❌ I like English. It is useful. I study every day.
⭕ I like English because it is useful for my future. Therefore, I study it every day.
内容面のチェック
内容面では以下の点に注意しましょう:
✅ 設問に対して適切に答えているか
賛否を問われている場合は明確な立場を示す
複数の観点から論じるよう求められている場合は、それに対応する
✅ 具体例は説得力があるか
抽象的な主張ではなく、具体例を挙げる
個人的な経験や事実に基づいた例を入れる
良い例と改善例:
❌ Technology is very important for education.
⭕ Technology plays a crucial role in education. For instance, online learning platforms allow students to access educational materials anytime and anywhere.
文法・語法のチェック
文法ミスは減点対象となりますので、特に以下の点に注意しましょう:
✅ 時制の一貫性
過去の事例なら過去形、一般論なら現在形を使う
同じ文脈内での時制の混在を避ける
✅ 主語と動詞の一致
三人称単数現在形の-s/-esの付け忘れに注意
集合名詞(people, familyなど)の扱いに注意
✅ 冠詞の使用
特定のものを指す場合は定冠詞(the)
初めて言及する一般的なものには不定冠詞(a/an)
抽象概念や総称には無冠詞
良い例と改善例:
❌ Student uses smartphone for study. It have many advantage.
⭕ Students use smartphones for studying. They have many advantages.
I think Internet is very good for education. Because student can study many thing. For example, youtube and online class. but some people think Internet is bad because student play game and watch video. I agree Internet is good tool.
添削プロセス:
構成確認:段落分けなし、導入・本論・結論の区別が不明確
内容確認:具体例が不十分、主張があいまい
文法チェック:
“Internet” → “the Internet”(冠詞)
“student” → “students”(複数形)
“many thing” → “many things”(複数形)
“Because…” → 文頭のBecauseは不適切
“but” → 文頭の小文字
語彙の多様性:単調な表現
文の完全性:”For example, youtube and online class.”は不完全な文
修正後:
I believe the Internet is beneficial for education for several reasons. First, students can access a wide variety of learning materials online. For example, they can watch educational videos on YouTube or take online classes from prestigious universities.
However, some people argue that the Internet can be distracting because students may spend too much time playing games or watching non-educational videos. While this concern is valid, I think proper guidance can help students use the Internet responsibly.
In conclusion, the Internet is a valuable educational tool when used appropriately.